TCP/UDP

Nmap is a popular choice for a port scan and for good reason, Nmap has tons of options and is capable of much more than just a port scan.

Unix

The goal will be to scan/test the hosted applications/services:

# Basic scan of the first 1000 TCP ports
nmap -sS -n --open 10.10.10.0/24

# More intense scanning of open ports
nmap -sT -Pn -n --open 10.10.10.0/24 -sV -p 42,53,80,88,135,139,389,443,445,464,593,636,1512,3306,3268,3269,3389,8080,8889

Windows

The nmap tool also exists for windows here.

# Basic scan of the first 1000 TCP ports
nmap -sS -n --open 10.10.10.0/24

# More intense scanning of open ports
nmap -sT -Pn -n --open 10.10.10.0/24 -sV -p 42,53,80,88,135,139,389,443,445,464,593,636,1512,3306,3268,3269,3389,8080,8888

It is also possible to use PowerShell to scan ports:

$ip='localhost'
for($i=0; $i -le 65445; $i++){
    Test-NetConnection $ip -Port $i -InformationLevel 'Detailed'
}

You can refer to the Services part.